膜科学与技术

反渗透复合膜技术进展和展望

作者：高从堦

单位：杭州水处理技术研究开发中心，杭州 310012

关键词：反渗透；复合膜；界面聚合；有机-无机杂化；水和离子通道

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2011,31(3):1-4

摘要：

本文简要介绍反渗透复合膜的发展现状和趋势。自1978年全芳香族聚酰胺复合膜的成功及其产业化，大大地促进了膜科技和海水淡化的发展，膜的品种不断增多，膜的性能不断提高，低压、超低压、极低压、高脱盐率、高通量、耐污染和抗氧化等一系列的各种复合膜相继进入市场。文中简述了膜材料的选择、传递机理（如：溶解扩散模型、优先吸附－毛细孔流动模型、氢键传递和水与离子通道等）、新的功能单体合成、支撑膜的改进、界面聚合的参数调控和后处理、有机-纳米无机粒子杂化、水通道和离子通道的建立和仿生等的研究进展和发展趋势。

Progress and prospect on reverse osmosis composite membrane technology was introduced briefly in this paper. The whole aromatic polyamide composite membrane (TFC) has developed successfully and industrialized since 1978, which has promoted the development of membrane technology and seawater desalination. From then, the varieties of TFC have increased and performance of TFC has improved continuously. A series of the membranes, such as that of low pressure, ultra-low pressure, high rejection, high flux, fouling resistance and anti-oxidation etc. has commercialized successively. The selection of membrane materials, mechanisms of transport through membrane (such as solution-diffusion, preferential-adsorption-capillary flow, hydrogen-bond, water tunnel and salt tunnel), synthesis of new functional monomers, improvement of supporting substrats, parameters control and adjustment for interfacial polymerization and post treatment, hybrid of organic-inorganic nano-particles, establishment of water tunnel and salt tunnel, and biomimics etc. were simply elaborated.

高从堦（1942年11月生），山东即墨人，研究员，主要研究方向：膜分离和海水利用

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