膜科学与技术

氯化聚氯乙烯膜微观结构及其性能影响因素的研究

作者：吕晓宁，陈云逸，王军，顾倩倩，刘倩文

单位：东华大学环境科学与工程学院，国家环境保护纺织污染防治工程技术中心，上海 201620

关键词：氯化聚氯乙烯；微观结构；膜性能；铸膜工艺条件

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2016,36(3):54-61

摘要：

文章采用溶剂-非溶剂扩散诱导相分离的方法制备了氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)膜，考察了铸膜液的聚合物含量与温度、凝胶浴温度与凝胶浴中溶剂含量对CPVC膜微观结构及其性能影响。结果表明，铸膜液的聚合物含量与温度、凝胶浴中溶剂质量百分含量在60%以下及凝胶浴温度为20°C以下时，CPVC膜的微观结构没有发生太大的变化，膜的断面均为致密皮层、指状孔及大孔支撑层构成的非对称膜；凝胶浴中溶剂含量达到80%及凝胶浴温度在30°C以上时，CPVC膜的微观结构发生质的变化，膜断面变为多孔皮层和海绵状结构构成的非对称膜，同时发现膜的微观结构对凝胶浴温度变化较敏感，表明可以通过改变凝胶浴温度对膜的微观结构进行有效的调控。在所研究范围内，CPVC膜对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的截留率在87%以上，即膜的平均孔径在10 nm以下，水通量最小111 L/(m2•h)，最大达到1297 L/(m2•h)，通过与文献比较，CPVC膜的过滤性能及机械性能均远远优于聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜。

In this paper, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) membrane was prepared by the phase inversion method, then studied and discussed the influence of membrane processing conditions (polymer content of the casting solution, the casting solution temperature, the gel bath composition and the the gel bath temperature) on microstructure and performance of CPVC membrane. It was found that polymer concentration and casting solution temperature didn't show obvious infection on the microstructure and performance of CPVC membrane.And the CPVC membrane, which had dense layer surface and macroporous support layer in the cross-section and nonporous surface, was asymmetric in the research area. In addition, the performance of CPVC membrane reached a maximum at 18 wt% polymer concentration and 70°C of the casting solution temperature. The gel bath composition played an important role in the influence of the microstructure and performance of CPVC membranes. The membrane was asymmetric, which had dense skin, sponge-like structures and nonporous surface, when the solvent content in the gel bath was lower than 60%. When the solvent concentration reached 80%, the membrane, which had skin and large conical macroporous support in the cross-section and small holes in the membrane surface, was asymmetric. The temperature of the gel bath showed obvious infection on the microstructure. When the gel bath temperature was 30°C, large conical macroporous membrane structure was changed into sponge-like structure. In addition, with increasing temperature of gel bath, the skin and sponge-like structures were denser, the water flux of CPVC membrane was lowered, and retention rate of membrane was improved. It was found that the retention rate was always above 87%, namely the average pore diameter of CPVC was lower than 10 nm, and the minimum water flux was 111 L•m-2•h-1 in the research area, while the maximum water flux was 1297 L•m-2•h-1. The results showed that the properties of CPVC membrane were much better than PVC membrane.

第一作者简介：吕晓宁（1989-）,女,河北石家庄人,硕士研究生,研究方向为膜分离技术,E-mail:lvxiaoning.com@163.com 联系作者： E-mail:wangj@dhu.edu.cn

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