膜科学与技术

天然矿物荷电陶瓷膜的制备及其性能

作者：樊保民¹，魏刚²，赵紫娟²，郭安儒³，杨汝平³

单位： 1北京工商大学材料与机械工程学院，北京 100048；2北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室，北京 100029;3中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院第七〇三研究所，北京 100076

关键词：天然矿物；二氧化硅支撑体；陶瓷膜；离子截留；废水处理

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2016,36(3):26-32

摘要：

采用悬浮粒子法制备天然矿物纳米级陶瓷膜。压汞仪和扫描电镜的结果表明，所制备陶瓷膜的孔径在3~12 nm之间，厚度约30 μm。X射线衍射分析的结果说明，烧结过程发生了kaolinite相的转变；对比原料粉体与膜的红外光谱结果发现，烧结后，膜层内依然保留大量内羟基，且Al-O-Al键也得到增强；X-射线荧光光谱的结果则显示，天然矿物以SiO2和Al2O3为主；从而推断原料应属于页硅酸盐。通过死端截留，得到膜的纯水渗透性为1456 L·m-2·h-1·MPa-1，其对磷酸三钠（Na3PO4）具有良好的截留性能，随盐浓度的升高，截留率有所下降，但下降幅度减小。膜的动电性质表明，Na3PO4溶液中的膜表面具有负电势，其对磷酸盐的高截留率源于膜表面与PO43-的静电排斥作用。

A nano-scale ceramic membrane was prepared through particle sintering process from the local natural clay. The pore size distribution of membrane was between 3 and 12 nm based on the results of mercury porosimeter and field emission scanning electron microscope. Phase conversion of kaolinite occurred during sintering according to X-ray diffraction analysis. Comparing Fourier transform infrared spectra of the natural clay before and after sintering, it was found that plenty of inner hydroxyl existed in the clay; in addition, the bond of Al-O-Al was enhanced after sintering. The result of X-ray fluorescence showed that SiO2 and Al2O3 mainly constituted the natural clay. Comprehensive analysis of all the results indicated that the natural clay used in this study should be classified as the phyllosilicate. In dead-end filtration mode, the pure water permeability of natural clay membrane was about 1456 L·m-2·h-1·MPa-1. The as-prepared membrane could also reject Na3PO4 effectively. The rejection rate showed a decreasing trend as the concentration of Na3PO4 increased, but the decreasing extent was not so pronounced as the initial state. Electrokinetic properties indicated that the membrane was negatively charged in Na3PO4 solutions; therefore, high rejection rates of Na3PO4 might derive from the repulsive force between membrane and PO43- through electrostatic interaction.

第一作者简介:樊保民(1986-),男,河南省焦作市人,博士,讲师,从事分离膜的制备与性能研究,E-mail:fanbaomin@btbu.edu.cn

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