膜科学与技术

膜蒸馏处理环控生保系统中尿液的研究

作者：高瑞，康赛，苑宏英，张良长，艾为党，员建，郑利兵，魏源送

单位： 1天津城建大学，环境与市政工程学院，天津，300384；2中国科学院生态环境研究中心，水污染控制实验室，北京 100085； 3中国航天员科研训练中心，人因工程重点实验室，北京 100094

关键词：尿液；膜蒸馏；陶瓷膜；环控生保系统；膜污染

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2023,43(2):128-137

摘要：

尿液的处理与水回收是目前环控生保系统(ECLSS)研究的难点和重点。本文采用膜蒸馏(MD) 进行尿液处理，考察膜材料、进料液温度及不同预处理方式对尿液MD处理过程效能的影响。研究发现PTFE膜具有较好的MD性能，温差从15℃提升到45℃时，通量由3.35提高到16.54 kg/m2h。尿液处理过程中溶解性有机物(DOM)主要包括酪氨酸类蛋白(C1)、色氨酸类蛋白(C2)及富里酸类物质(C3)，C1占比60%以上，C/N比较低。 MD过程出现了微生物污染，进一步提升了C2的占比，降低了DOM腐殖化程度。陶瓷膜预处理可截留大分子物质以减缓膜污染；酸化可稳定尿液性质，显著减缓有机-无机-微生物污染，初始通量提高10%，长期稳定性显著提高。本研究为尿液处理与回收提供了一种有效的方案，可支撑ECLSS废水的处理与回用。

The treatment and water recovery of urine is a key but one tough issue in environmental controlled and life support systems (ECLSS). Membrane distillation (MD) was applied for urine treatment in this work, and the effect of membrane materials, feed water temperature, and different pretreatment methods on the efficiency of urine treatment were investigated. PTFE membrane was found the optimal membrane for MD, and the flux increased from 3.35 to 16.54 kg/m2?h when the temperature difference was increased from 15°C to 45°C. Three key dissolved organic matters (DOM) were identified in the urine treatment processes, which were tyrosine-like (C1), tryptophan-like (C2), and humic substance (C3). Among them, C2 had a dominant role with a proportion significantly higher than 60%. Thus, the C/N ratio is low, with a significant endogenic property. Biofouling happened during MD, which further increase the C2 proportion and the humification degree was significantly decreased. Ceramic membrane showed good performance for rejecting macromolecules, and the fouling can be alleviated. Acidification promotes urine stabilization, thus the inorganic fouling, organic fouling, and biofouling were significantly controlled with a 10% increase in initial flux. And the long-term stability can be obtained for the reduced fouling and wetting. This study provides an effective solution for urine treatment and recovery, which can support wastewater treatment and recyclling in ECLSS.

高瑞（1997-），男，吉林省梨树县，硕士研究生，膜法水处理，E-mail：gaorui9703@163.com

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