膜科学与技术

不同孔径陶瓷膜硅烷改性及油水分离性能研究

作者：苟立民，段丽君，柯威，陈献富，邱鸣慧，范益群

单位： 1.南京工业大学化工学院材料化学工程国家重点实验室，南京 211816； 2.南京膜材料产业技术研究院，南京 211800

关键词：陶瓷膜; 疏水表面; 硅烷改性; 油水分离

出版年,卷(期):页码： 2024,44(1):16-26

摘要：

具有低表面能的疏水陶瓷膜常用于含水油液分离，而渗透通量的提高是提升膜分离过程经济性的关键。本文通过有机硅烷接枝改性制备疏水陶瓷膜，研究硅烷改性对不同孔径陶瓷膜结构及油水分离性能的影响。以孔径为1 000 nm、100 nm、10 nm的三种陶瓷膜为研究对象，考察不同孔径陶瓷膜硅烷化改性前后膜表面微观形貌、润湿性及渗透阻力的变化，评价三种孔径疏水陶瓷膜在溶剂、酸碱等环境下的稳定性，并将三种孔径硅烷改性的陶瓷膜用于油包水乳液分离。结果表明，孔径越小的膜硅烷化改性后渗透阻力增幅越大，尤其是当孔径达到10 nm，改性前后渗透阻力相差近3倍；原膜孔径对改性膜润湿性影响不大，且均表现出良好的耐溶剂性、耐酸碱性。低压高流速的操作方式有利于提高改性膜通量；对于水含量1 000 μL/L 的W/O乳液，三种改性膜对水的截留率均超过93%，渗透液水含量低于70 μL/L，其中1 000 nm改性膜通量最高，达375 L/m2·h1，而10 nm膜更不易被污染；对于水含量10%(V/V)的W/O乳液，1000 nm改性膜污染非常严重，通量迅速下降为14.1 LL/m2·h1，而100 nm改性膜污染程度较小，通量较高。

Hydrophobic ceramic membranes with low surface energy are often used for containing-water oil separation, and the improvement of flux is the key to improve the economy of membrane separation process. In this study, hydrophobic ceramic membranes were prepared through organosilane modification. The impact of silane modification on the structure and oil-water separation performance of ceramic membranes with various pore sizes of 1000 nm, 100 nm, and 10 nm was investigated. We examined the changes in membrane surface micromorphology, wettability, and permeability resistance before and after modification for each pore size category. Additionally, we evaluated the stability of modified membranes in organic solvents, acid, and alkali. Subsequently, we assessed membrane performance in separating water-in-oil emulsions with varying water contents. The results show that the silane modification significantly increased the membrane permeability resistance for smaller pore sizes. Employing a low transmembrane pressure operation mode combined with high crossflow contributed to enhanced flux for modified membranes. Regarding W/O emulsion, when water content was 1000 mg/L, all three modified membranes achieved a water rejection exceeding 93%, while maintaining a permeate side water content below 70 mg/L. Among them, the 1μm modified membrane exhibited the highest flux at 375 L·m-2·h-1. However, when the volume fraction of water reached 10vol%, severe contamination occurred on the surface of the 1000 nm modified membrane resulting in significant drop in flux to only 14.1 L·m-2·h-1. Conversely, the 100 nm modified membrane showed less contamination and higher flux.

苟立民（1999-），男，四川省巴中市人，硕士研究生，研究方向为陶瓷膜材料及应用，E-mail：goulimin2020025293@163.com

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